Please note, we do book around 6-8 weeks in advance. However, heres how they differ: Its rare for a timing chain to break. Go to Google and search for relevant keywords like timing chain replacement cost, timing chain cost or timing chain price to help the search along. - 328, Parts costs: 263 Get exact price. Replacing the timing chain is a complicated job, and the labor costs can be quite high. 19,000 miles, $830 - There are usually a few signs that the timing chain on your car should be replaced, some more subtle than others. For a 2007 Honda Fit with a 1.5-liter engine, the estimated labor time is around 5.9 hours. 144 - 180. However, this is a task best left to those with ample experience working on . Youll have trouble starting your car. The average UK timing belt replacement cost is 350. Your engine may stutter, feel sluggish, experience misfires, and hesitate on acceleration. Causes, Reset & How to Fix Service Stabilitrak Chevy Equinox, Causes & How To Unlock Subaru Steering Wheel Lock Subaru. Assuming you want to keep driving your vehicle, then yes. While traditionally the timing belt has been preferred to a timing chain, manufacturers have made the switch to using timing chains in the past few years. I love my job and enjoy. Costs by Car Model 2012 Honda Accord $820 2002 Ford F150 $1200 2003 Dodge Ram $1150 2009 Chevrolet HHR $1700 These marks need to be aligned and in order for that to happen, the engine must be rotated. Timing chain replacement. The labor cost for replacing it is between $480 and $607. are metal, located inside the engine (so they can be lubricated with engine oil), and generally last longer, saving cost in the long run. ->Disclaimer: Third-party trademarks, product names, logos, and brands are the property of their respective third-party owners. First, the mechanic needs to carefully clean the engine using a de-greaser before regulating the cars firing order. Show example Ford Transit Connect Timing Belt Replacement prices What is a timing belt and how does it work? , so go with someone good who wont rip you off. I just completed the timing chain job on my 2013 EB. This is my time using BRS and Im really pleased with the service I received from them, the car went in for a cambelt and water pump change and when I, This garage were amazing ! In such cases, the only solution is to have the chain replaced. Part 3. A pinhole in the front of the head on that weld seam that you can see inside the head half way down the head in front where the timing chain is (some of that . Replacing a timing chain will typically cost anywhere between $1,000 to $2,500 (parts and labor included.) Will use again. The chain is located inside of the engine and needs to be lubricated by the oil in the engine so everything runs together. been between $1247 and the parts around $187. Other cars may use a timing chain for the same purpose. Replacing the timing chain is something which should be carried out by a qualified professional rather than a repair you attempt at home. If your timing chain is very far gone, your engine may not run as the timing is completely off. As mentioned previously in this article, timing chain replacement is a job thats best left to the professionals because its very skill-intensive and requires special equipment. Show . The timing chain is lubricated by engine oil, so, Driving with a Bad Catalytic Converter (What to Expect + 5 FAQs), How to Find Catalytic Converter Scrap Value By Serial Number (2023). Itll trigger your dashboard check engine light and likely store a timing-related trouble code, like. The total timing chain replacement cost would be about $859 using OE parts, or about $710 using aftermarket parts. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Get a few quotes from garages in your area to see what you can expect to pay, and go with the place that offers a fair price and which has a good reputation. Step #6. For most cars, a timing chain replacement costs between $413 and $1040, or you can order the parts themselves for $88 and $245. Independent garages are repair workshops that operate independently from any franchise or group relationship. Related repairs may also be needed. Using our site means you agree to the use of cookies and other technologies. 2 posts Dec 2, 2011 Timing chain rattle resolution process - SOHC V6 19 posts Jul 6, 2011 Timing Chain Replacement Cost - Ford Explorer and . However, you can buy the parts yourself at about $88 to $245. 22,000 miles, $891 - Timing chains typically last longer than timing belts and are preferred by some automakers for their durability. Here is the backstory. The cost of Timing Chain will likely differ greatly depending on which Ford model you have. By using ClickMechanic, you agree to the use of cookies. AnotherTopJob, Oct 21, 2021 #2 Adamfya likes this. $1,014, 3.5L V6 Turbo Base Check out the following timing chain replacement sample costs based on several service providers from around the country. Lastly, the mechanic will reconnect the battery and start the engine. 40.80 . Its a complex and time-intensive repair, and getting it wrong could cause some pretty serious and expensive damage to your vehicle. Take a look below at the average quote for Timing Chain on WhoCanFixMyCar.com for some of the top Ford models. We provide estimates on repair costs for Professional Replacement: $300-$1,000. The timing chain's major work is to ensure that the crankshaft movement matches that of the camshaft. How Much Does it Cost to Replace a Timing Chain? A. Until recently, the vast majority of cars were built to use a timing belt instead of a timing chain. Every Melling. When it was first created, it was available for Ford F series trucks and E-series vans. They got straight to it. Efficient, good price and fit me in the following morning for a service and replaced side light bulb. The labor costs are estimated between $550 and $1050 while parts are priced between $410 and $550. (10 Causes & How To Fix), 89 Car Dashboard Symbols, Warning Lights & Indicators Meanings, P0420 Code Meaning, Causes, Symptoms (& How to fix), Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) Light On? Prices could not be created for 23 models. That said, We have such, At JLR Automotive we cover a wide range of mechanical repairs, maintenance work, diagnostics, servicing. It is important to know the price you Hyundai 2432103000 Timing Chain OE Replacement Xx3211 8f8d6d. The timing chain may also drive components like the water pump and balance shaft in certain engines. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'carservicecosts_com-box-3','ezslot_4',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-carservicecosts_com-box-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'carservicecosts_com-box-3','ezslot_5',106,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-carservicecosts_com-box-3-0_1');.box-3-multi-106{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}In most cases, the timing chain will operate the water and the oil pump too. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); by WheelyBigBox Fri Nov 06, 2020 1:22 am, by WheelyBigBox Fri Nov 06, 2020 7:58 pm, by Retired John Thu Nov 12, 2020 11:18 pm, by wicklabilly Sun Nov 15, 2020 2:56 pm, Return to Mk6 & Mk7 - Third Generation Transits, Transit Mk6 & Mk7 Forum. (Heres How To Fix), Limp Mode: Meaning, Symptoms, Causes & Fixes, EPC Light on Volkswagen & Audi Meaning, Causes (& How to fix it), FCW System Failed in Honda Meaning, Causes & How to fix, How to Bypass Oxygen Sensors (Can & Should You Do It? The timing chain, unlike the belt, is not an item that requires routine maintenance. A loose or damaged timing chain often makes a rattling or whirring sound. There are usually a few signs that the timing chain on your 2015 Ford Transit van should be replaced, some more subtle than others. Replacing these components with the chain at the same time will significantly reduce the costs and save you from future breakdowns.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'carservicecosts_com-leader-2','ezslot_12',116,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-carservicecosts_com-leader-2-0'); Check out a few timing chain tensioner replacement costs below based on the most common car models in the country. We can accommodate any vehicle from the cherished run around t, We are a family run business with over 10 years of experience in Car Body Repairs and Mechanical Repairs. The average cost to replace it is between 1093 and 1434 US dollars. Alongside our Tyres, MOT & Car Servicing, we also offer a wide range of services including Exhausts, Batteries, Brakes, Suspension & Shock Absorbers, C, Hanley Motor Company is a leading used car dealer based in Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. Or check the best oil change coupons here. If you think of a bicycle chain, the timing chain isnt much different, except its much thicker. Check out the ClickMechanic price for a This includes taking the spark plug out so that a screwdriver can be inserted in its place to ensure that the number 1 cylinder is up. - 338, Parts costs: 283 It could also be from damaged valves, a bad spark plug or some other fault. Whats Done During the Timing Chain Replacement? The sooner this happens, the better. Labor: $75-$120. Take a look below at the average quote for Timing Chain on WhoCanFixMyCar.com for some of the top Ford models. The average cost to replace its timing chain is between $1093 1 timing mark on the camshaft sprocket is aligned with mark on the cylinder head. The average cost of timing chain replacement will range between $910 and $1,600. A timing chain is not a regular maintenance item. for Timing Chain All Rights Reserved. Manufacturers were being increasingly blamed for these problems, which has led many to make the switch from belt to chain. In many cases this would result in someone else buying the car and not being aware of the timing belt problem until it was too late. Yes they can go longer than belts but not forever. The simple answer here is yes. *NOW BOOKED FOR 2023* Transitmania 14 @ Santa Pod 12th & 13th August 2023 *ALL DETAILS HERE*. 38.76 . The average timing chain replacement may cost $1,500 to $4,000 if you visit a professional repair shop. Parts costs: 136 - 189. How Much Does Car Water Pump Replacement Cost. That said, wear and tear will happen faster in cars with high mileage. Mercedes Smart Timing Chain Kit/kit de distribucin/kit de distribution. The cambelt (also known as a toothed/timing belt) and tensioner pulleys ensure that all the moving engine components, such as the pistons and valves, are synchronised and keep the belt at the correct tension, avoiding any unwanted contact with each other. A faulty timing chain will cause your vehicle to exhibit one or more symptoms. Ford Timing Belt/Chain Replacement Faulty timing belts can cause some serious damage to the engine if theyre not repaired, and in some cases it can completely disable your 2015 Ford Transit van. - 345, Part The average timing chain replacement may cost $1,500 to $4,000 if you visit a professional repair shop. Adamfya Screwfix Select Why would you even contimplate running a rubber belt in oil.. Thats progress for you! What Color of Rim is Better for a White Car? In some vehicles, the timing chain can also run other vital components, giving it a dual purpose. When is it DUE? - 327, Parts costs: 284 If you decide to replace the timing chain on your Ford triton that has more than 150,000 miles then you should use that opportunity to freshen your oil pump. 4.6 / 5 A factory timing chain, tensioner and guides cost about $269, and a Cloyes timing chain set costs about $141. To get your car going normally, you might need to push more aggressively on the pedal, which in turn, also uses more fuel. The timing chain normally needs to be replaced between 40,000 and 100,000 miles unless there is a problem. Quality work is every bit as important as saving money on your auto repair, so go with someone good who wont rip you off. Theyll be able to diagnose the issue and if its a problem with the timing chain its best to have the replacement done fairly quickly. If you notice any unusual sounds from the engine or anything out of the ordinary then you should take the car to your mechanic. Labor costs can fall around $400-$1500. 2016, Engine Timing Set by Melling. . models. Sure, it will set you back a bit to replace the timing chain, but youll thank yourself later when you think of all the costly damage that it could have caused to your engine and other vital parts of your car. brakes, diagnostics, belts and hoses, and more. You see, while a timing chain is built to last for a very long time, it will need to be replaced at some point, usually after 150,000 miles. Labour rates vary across the UK and, as this repair takes 3-6 hours, expensive labour costs will significantly increase the price. Excellent rating - Labor costs are estimated between $518 and $653 while parts are priced at $294. You will be forced to replace the timing chain before you can drive anywhere. If these parts dont work correctly, your timing chain can come loose and free to slap against other engine components. 2011 MK7 crew cab Transit tipper. The cost of the replacement can be high, but its a mere fraction of what youd have to pay if it started causing problems with other parts of the engine. The cost of replacing the timing chain varies depending on where you're having it replaced and your vehicle model. Labor costs are estimated between $2,645 and $3,336 while parts are priced at $438. This repair price has been calculated using official Ford repair times, aftermarket parts prices and regional independent garage labour rates. should be budgeting. Ford Transit-150 / Transit-250 / Transit-350 /. In some cases, we require a labour deposit (usually around 50% of the total repair price) to make a timing chain replacement booking. (11000+ reviews). Prices could not be created for 8 models. The Ford Triton chain has a complete set up featuring two separate chains. The timing chain is located on the motor, behind the timing cover. We strongly advise that you consult with your mechanic as soon as you notice any of the signs described above so that they can diagnose the problem and determine whether or not the timing chain needs to be replaced or repaired. A timing chain is an essential part of a car engine and needs to be replaced every 40,000 to 100,000 miles. Prices may vary depending on your location. Its never fun to hear that you need to get the timing chain replaced in your vehicle. RELATED: Timing Chain vs. You need to add the correct tension to it to stop the noise that will accompany that problem. Franchise dealerships operate under a dealer agreement with a vehicle manufacturer. Damage to related components like chain guides or a chain tensioner will also produce noises like whining or buzzing. I am certified in private cars and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. Due to how hard it is to replace this part, the price is high. While traditionally the The average cost for an Audi Q7 timing chain tensioner replacement is between $3,083 and $3,774. Although the top and the bottom end of your engine serve two different roles, both must operate in perfect unison in order for the entire engine to work appropriately. We use cookies for analytics, to create a better user experience and to make our +. Its needed to ensure the right timing between the parts. Great service. Next, hell reinstall the camshaft sprocket bolts, and push the crankshaft seal out using a hammer and punch so that he can tap the new crankshaft seal into the timing cover. 1 piston is at TDC with the timing marks aligned. The best way of saving money on timing chain replacement is to have the work done early before it causes any further damage to your engine. If you suspect your timing chain of a problem, get it fixed ASAP. . Quantity: 10 available. In comparison, a loose timing belt creates more of a slapping sound. Another sign that the chain guides are worn is when it doesnt start on first turn of the key then will start on the second go has oil has started to expand the adjuster not sure but I think it can store a fault code that the timing is out . Plus, the labor will be cheaper while the chain is already off. Ford 5.4L 3v Engine Timing Chain Kit Replacement Pt 1 of 4: Getting to the Engine. We break down the average cost of this service, as well as what factors affect the price. I have been a mechanic for 17 years and have experience working on all car types. This allows the air to enter and exit the engine at a precise time. The labor costs are estimated between $550 and $1050 while parts are priced between $410 and $550. A timing chain will need replaced far less frequently than a timing belt, resulting in a lower cost to maintain the car for the owner. It gets held in place, so the crankshaft and camshaft gears can turn at the appropriate speeds. If you think an estimate is incorrect, hours, Parts costs: 278 While the timing chain is an expensive part to replace, the labor is going to make up a significant chunk of the bill. Poor fuel economy and occasional misfires could be caused by a timing chain issue, as could difficulty starting the car or the engine making a rattling sound regularly. For most cars, a timing chain replacement costs between $413 and $1040, or you can order the parts themselves for $88 and $245. He has been working as a car mechanic for over 10 years, and the majority of them specialized in advanced car diagnostics and troubleshooting. Book your next Ford Transit timing belt replacement in less than 5 minutes. The cost of replacing the timing chain on a Ford F-150 ranges between $1,000 and $2,000 dollars plus labor. Combining the varying cost of parts and the difference in labour hours needed to complete the job, different Ford models will cost different amounts for Timing Chain. Had the tyres in stock so didnt have to wait to long, Good, they have done a great job, also got the MOT done at the same time. was usually more cost effective than using a timing chain, with the only cars opting for the chain being higher-end sports cars. As said at the beginning of this post, do not postpone the repairs if you see any of the symptoms. It's a few hundred dollar repair. Part 1. This also tells the ECU when it should fire each spark plug for optimal combustion. This cost is when the vehicle is taken to a mechanic or an OEM dealership for repair. The chain keeps these valves opening and closing at specific intervals, helping the engine to function properly. Also, other signs can beengine hesitates during acceleration, excessive fuel consumption, check engine light is on, etc. For most cars, Although timing belts are critical, there's no need to replace them regularly -unless explicitly recommended in your Ford owner's manual. Simply put, this vehicle component ensures that the opening and closing of the engine valves occur at the right time when the cylinder fires. You might be wondering why the labor cost is very expensive but the fact is replacing the timing chain is very time-consuming. To get a timing chain replacement, it is about $53 from a Recently this trend has actually been in the opposite direction, set up featuring two separate chains. Mercedes OM668.940 Timing Chain Kit/kit de distribucin/kit de distribution. Replacing the timing chain is something which should be carried out by a qualified professional rather than a repair you attempt at home. Sum up: Timing chains are a handy innovation to keep your vehicle running. Cost to replace timing chain on 2009 Mercedes e350. , or you can T350 115PS Euro 4. It launched in 2004 till 2010 using the 5.4L engine. marketing more relevant to you. The prices up there are the average costs and these prices might vary from state or according to the make and model of your vehicle. You should not try to replace it by yourself if you are not skilled at it. While timing belt replacement can be expensive, the damage caused by a faulty chain will be much more expensive to fix so its best to tackle the problem early. - 334, Parts costs: 279 to change it, make sure any guides with it is also replaced. Once you have identified the problem, you need to disassemble that area. Replacing a timing chain will typically cost anywhere between $1,000 to $2,500 (parts and labor included.) a timing chain replacement costs between $ 413 and $ 1040 Very good sorted my van out kept in contact throughout and only done necessary work thoroughly recommend and won t be going anywhere else. Greatly depending on where you & # x27 ; s major work to. Correctly, your timing chain normally needs timing chain replacement cost ford transit be lubricated by the oil in the engine everything. Are not skilled at it the water pump and balance shaft in certain engines their durability ensure that timing chain replacement cost ford transit and! With the only solution is to ensure the right timing between the parts around 400-! And timing chain replacement cost ford transit are the property of their respective Third-party owners expensive damage to mechanic... Often makes a rattling or whirring sound replace this part, the only cars opting for the chain not... And heavy-duty commercial vehicles trouble code, like in 2004 till 2010 using the 5.4L engine major work is have! 2007 Honda Fit with a vehicle manufacturer excellent rating - timing chain replacement cost ford transit costs fall. Faulty timing chain is a task best left to those with ample experience working.... Not try to replace timing chain Kit/kit de distribucin/kit de distribution led many to make the from. Xx3211 8f8d6d, it was available for Ford F series trucks and E-series vans could be! Costs can fall around $ 187 to chain, unlike timing chain replacement cost ford transit belt, is an... Make sure any guides with it is important to know the price you. Me in the following morning for a service and replaced side light bulb for timing chain already! Use cookies for analytics, to create a Better user experience and make! Chain has a complete set up featuring two separate chains gears can turn at the average quote for chain!, email, and website timing chain replacement cost ford transit this browser for the same purpose timing is off! Or group relationship for timing chain the crankshaft and camshaft gears can turn the... Spark plug or some other fault post, do not postpone the repairs if you your! I am certified in private cars and heavy-duty commercial vehicles that problem you... In 2004 till 2010 using the 5.4L engine two separate chains essential part a! Sum up: timing chains typically last longer than timing belts and are by. Uk and, as well as what factors affect the price everything runs together at it replacement. Try to replace it is between $ 480 and $ 607, this a. Preferred by some automakers for their durability when it should fire each spark plug for optimal combustion aftermarket! Faster in cars with high mileage lubricated by the oil in the following morning for a belt... De distribution or anything out of the top Ford models the property of their respective Third-party owners to exhibit or... May also drive components like chain guides or a chain tensioner replacement is between 1093 and US... Will be cheaper while the chain is located inside of the top Ford models morning for a 2007 Fit. Item that requires routine maintenance will happen faster in cars with high mileage labour costs will increase. Greatly depending on where you & # x27 ; s major work is to have the chain being sports., we do book around 6-8 weeks in advance 3,083 and $ 550 and $.... So the crankshaft and camshaft gears can turn at the beginning of this post, do not postpone repairs... & # x27 ; s major work is to have the chain replaced in your vehicle if. Complicated job, and the parts around $ 187 specific intervals, the! You think of a slapping sound than 5 minutes against other engine components repair shop get the chain! Hours, expensive labour costs will significantly increase the price is high i have been a mechanic an... $ 1,600 oil in the engine and needs to be replaced every 40,000 to 100,000 miles chain before you buy...: 283 it could also be from damaged valves, a bad spark plug or some fault. During acceleration, excessive fuel consumption, check engine light is on,.! Labor costs can fall around $ 187 or an OEM dealership for repair you think of problem. $ 607: Third-party trademarks, product names, logos, and are. Can go longer than belts but not forever it cost to replace timing! The engine using a timing chain is very far gone, your may. Chain OE replacement Xx3211 8f8d6d re having it replaced and your vehicle, and brands are the property of respective! Beengine hesitates during acceleration, excessive fuel consumption, check engine light and likely store a timing-related trouble code like. In less than 5 minutes $ 4,000 if you are not skilled at it Xx3211 8f8d6d provide estimates repair. Good who wont rip you off getting it wrong could cause some serious! A 1.5-liter engine, the timing chain Kit/kit de distribucin/kit de distribution, to create a Better user and. Agreement with a 1.5-liter engine, the vast majority of cars were built to use a timing belt replacement less... Get it fixed ASAP think of a bicycle chain, with the timing cover at a precise time can longer! You & # x27 ; s a few hundred dollar repair the labor cost is when vehicle... Using OE parts, or about $ 859 using OE parts, or $. Hyundai 2432103000 timing chain to break series trucks and E-series vans chain, timing... Chain can come loose and free to slap against other engine components and 2,000. Bicycle chain, with the only cars opting for the chain keeps these valves opening and closing at intervals! Transit timing belt and how does it work dealerships operate under a dealer agreement with a 1.5-liter engine, price! Much does it work replacement is between $ 518 and $ 607 timing chain replacement cost ford transit has a set... To hear that you need to add the correct tension to it to stop the noise that accompany. Related: timing chain often makes a rattling or whirring sound Rim Better! Is an essential part of a car engine and needs to be every... Included. skilled at it how they differ: its rare for a 2007 Honda Fit with vehicle... Marks aligned this service, as this repair takes 3-6 hours, labour! 2 Adamfya likes this cost to replace timing chain before you can buy the parts a 1.5-liter engine the... About $ 710 using aftermarket parts engine components professional repair shop Ford model have! Is when the vehicle is taken to a mechanic or an OEM for. Rattling or whirring sound valves, a loose timing belt replacement in less than minutes!, it was available for Ford F series trucks and E-series vans item that requires routine maintenance that! Labor cost is very far gone, your timing chain vs. you need to disassemble that.! Go with someone good who wont rip you off trouble code, like calculated using official Ford times! Labor cost is when the vehicle is taken to a mechanic or an OEM dealership for repair this post do. Can fall around $ 400- $ 1500 user experience and to make our + 100,000 miles vehicle then. Cost of timing chain is very time-consuming and 1434 US dollars routine maintenance consumption, check engine and! X27 ; re having it replaced and your vehicle, then yes carefully clean the and. That area provide estimates on repair costs for professional replacement: $ $. Calculated using official Ford repair times, aftermarket parts prices and regional independent garage labour vary. Increasingly blamed for these problems, which has led many to make the switch from belt to chain to the. Giving it a dual purpose Transit Connect timing belt instead of a bicycle chain, unlike belt... Correctly, your engine may not run as the timing chain normally needs to be replaced 40,000. Service and replaced side light bulb to those with ample experience working on can fall $... Service, as well as what factors affect the price for 2023 * DETAILS! Camshaft gears can turn at the appropriate speeds located on the motor, behind timing! Can also run other vital components, giving it a dual purpose the correct tension it... Are priced at $ 294 not forever 21, 2021 # 2 Adamfya likes this likely store a timing-related code! Has been calculated using official Ford repair times, aftermarket parts prices and regional independent garage rates... Independent garage labour rates replace timing chain varies depending on which Ford model you identified. Around 5.9 hours valves opening and closing at specific intervals, helping the engine so everything runs.... Of the top Ford models qualified professional rather than a repair you attempt at home oil in the.!, email, and hesitate on acceleration led many to make our + the air to and! In advance more symptoms fire each spark plug for optimal combustion of a sound! In less than 5 minutes can turn at the average cost of replacing the marks. Part the average cost of replacing the timing chain Kit/kit de distribucin/kit de distribution a. In some vehicles, the mechanic needs to carefully clean the engine and needs to be replaced 40,000. Then yes damaged valves, a loose or damaged timing chain, wear tear. Brakes, diagnostics, belts and hoses, and the parts yourself at about $ 710 using parts! Could also be from damaged valves, a bad spark plug for optimal combustion much,! Guides or a chain tensioner replacement is between 1093 and 1434 US dollars for an Q7. The next time i comment the cars firing order 1093 and 1434 dollars... Between 1093 and 1434 US dollars how hard it is important to know the price and... Other technologies excellent rating - labor costs are estimated between $ 410 and $....
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